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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has spread worldwide and threatened human's health. With the passing of time, the epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 evolves and the knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 infection accumu-lates. To further improve the scientific and standardized diagnosis and treatment of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in China, the Chinese Society of Perinatal Medicine of Chinese Medical Association commissioned leading experts to develop the Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection under the guidance of the Maternal and Child Health Department of the National Health Commission. This recommendations includes the epidemiology, diagnosis, management, maternal care, medication treatment, care of birth and newborns, and psychological support associated with maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is hoped that the recommendations will effectively help the clinical management of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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The interaction between breast cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts are heterogeneous stromal cells that are abundant in the tumor microenvironment. They participate in tumor angiogenesis, treatment resistance and distant metastasis by secreting a variety of cytokines, growth factors and chemokines. It has great potential as a biomarker for targeted therapy and clinical prognosis of breast cancer, and it can also provide new ideas for adjuvant treatment of breast cancer.
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【Objective】 To retrospectively analyze the situation of patients with adverse fetal outcomes by thromboelastogram (TEG) parameters and, MTHFR gene polymorphism, so as to provide molecular biological diagnosis basis for patients with adverse pregnancy outcomes, and a new scheme for early prevention and treatment of women of childbearing age with MTHFR gene polymorphism. 【Methods】 A total of 100 women with adverse fetal pregnancy outcomes were selected as the adverse pregnancy group, and 100 healthy women of childbearing age with normal pregnancy history were selected as the controls. MTHFR gene C677T and A1298C polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). TEG and blood coagulation were detected in the experimental group. 【Results】 The A1298C gene polymorphism(AA、CC、AC; A、C) was similar in both adverse pregnancy group and the controls. The frequency distribution of C, T allele of MTHFR gene C677T was statistically significant (χ2=4.60, P<0.05, OR =1.645, 95% CI: 1.042~2.595). TT and CT+ CC types showed significant different association with the factors of stillbirth(χ2 =7.49, P<0.05). MA value of TEG in the diagnosis of TT type of C677T genotypes MTHFR in 32 patients with adverse pregnancy outcome was analyzed. The area under the AUC curve of MA value was 0.795. 【Conclusion】 MTHFR C677T polymorphism TT with TEG parameter hypercoagulability is an important risk factor in the occurrence of pregnancy stillbirth in adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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【Objective】 To retrospectively analyze the irregular antibodies in 6 blood group systems other than the Rh blood group system in 53 pregnant women and analyze its correlation with the occurrence of hemolytic disease of the newborn(HDN). 【Methods】 19 473 pregnant women were screened for irregular antibodies by microgel detection technology combined with anti-human globulin (IgG+ C3d), and the positive samples screened out were further confirmed to understand the types and titers of irregular antibodies. Irregular antibody type determination experiment: IgG type irregular antibody titer was determined after mercaptoethanol (2-Me) inactivated the serum of the irregular antibody positive specimen, and then IgG and IgM type were determined by comparing the titer levels of irregular antibody. Three hemolysis tests and total bilirubin tests were performed on umbilical cord blood during delivery to analyze the level of jaundice and the occurrence of HDN. 【Results】 53 cases of irregular antibodies other than the Rh blood group system were detected in 19 473 pregnant women, with a positive rate of 0.27%, mainly MNS and Lewis blood group system.The incidence of HDN was 39.6% (21/53). There were 27 cases of IgM, 7 IgG, and 19 IgM + IgG. Comparison of total bilirubin detection between the low titer group (≤8) and the high titer group (>8) : the latter was significantly higher than the former (P<0.05); IgG antibody subtypes: IgG1 of the latter significantly increased (P<0.05), and so was IgG3 in former (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between IgG1, IgG3 and total bilirubin. The area under the curve of IgG1+ IgG3 for HDN diagnosis, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.953, 0.900, and 0.967, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Other than Rh blood group system, irregular antibodies are mainly distributed in MNS and Lewis blood group system. The incidence of HDN is higher in Kell, Duffy and Kidd blood group systems after producing irregular antibodies. Non-antibody types are mostly IgM type or IgM + IgG mixed, and the incidence of HDN is not high; Patients with poor maternal history, either high or low titer, can be classified into IgG1 and IgG3 in early stages, and those with Abnormal results should be included into the perinatal management of high-risk women with regular checking.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic basis for an infant with multiple malformations including congenital heart disease and cleft palate.@*METHODS@#The child and his parents were subjected to conventional chromosomal karyotyping and low-coverage massively parallel copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) analysis.@*RESULTS@#The infant was found to have a 46,X,add(Y)(q11.23) karyotype, and his CNV-seq result was seq [hg19] 22q12.1q13.3 (29 520 001-51 180 000)× 3. His parents were found to be normal by both methods.@*CONCLUSION@#The additional chromosomal material found on Yq, verified as duplication of 22q12.1-q13.3, may account for the abnormal phenotype in this infant. CNV-seq has provided a useful complement for the diagnosis and more accurate information for genetic counseling.
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Child , Humans , Infant , Abnormalities, Multiple , Genetics , Chromosome Duplication , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 , Genetics , Cleft Palate , Genetics , DNA Copy Number Variations , Genetic Testing , Heart Defects, Congenital , Genetics , KaryotypingABSTRACT
Objective@#To understand the early infant diagnosis (EID) test rate and associated factors in HIV-exposed children in China during 2015-2017.@*Methods@#The follow-up information cards of 12 096 HIV-exposed children for 18 months after birth during 2015-2017 were collected from the Management Information System of China’s Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV for a retrospective analysis. The EID test characteristics of HIV exposed children and associated factors were analyzed.@*Results@#From 2015 to 2017, the EID test rate in HIV exposed children increased from 65.6% to 83.4% in China (trend χ2 P<0.001). The EID test rate within 8 weeks after birth increased from 61.1% to 76.8% (trend χ2 P<0.001), but the EID positive rate decreased from 8.7% to 3.4% (trend χ2 P<0.001). The EID positive rate in fatal HIV-exposed children was 47.7%, 36.9% and 36.3% during 2015-2017, respectively, the differences were not significant. EID test rate was associated with ethnic group, living area, survival status and the year reaching 18-month-old of the children.@*Conclusions@#The performance of EID test has been standardized step by step in China. The positive rate of EID test decreased gradually with year. However, the EID test rates in children who were from minority ethnic groups, lived in areas with lower prevalence of HIV infection and died within 18 months after birth were relatively low.
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Objective@#To analyze serologic surveillance indicators during pregnancy among syphilis-infected women who delivered in 2013 in East China.@*Methods@#Data were from national 'Information System of Prevention of Mother-to-child Transmission of HIV, syphilis and HBV Management’ and in total 5 206 syphilis-infected pregnant women who delivered in 2013 and in East China were involved in the analysis. Information on demographic characters, laboratory tests, and treatment regimens were collected. The maternal non-treponemal testing surveillance and titer distribution were described and compare the proportions between pregnant women receiving standard testing and non-standard testing, taking baseline testing and testing before delivery or at the third trimester. Multivariate logistic regression model was analyzed using maternal titer control as dependent variable, using prior history of syphilis infection, syphilis stages, titer, gestational weeks of treatment initiation and treatment regimens as independent variables in 3 940 pregnant women with both baseline testing results and testing results before delivery or at the third trimester.@*Results@#The ages of the 5 206 syphilis infected pregnant women were (28.1±5.8) years old. The numbers of women received penicillin treatment, other treatment regimens and no treatment were 2 967 (57.0%), 281 (5.4%), and 1 958 (37.6%), respectively. The number of women with maternal seroconversion, 4-fold or greater titer decline, or titer increase were 349 (6.7%), 251 (4.8%) and 28 (0.5%). Multivariate analysis results showed that compared with pregnant women with prior history of syphilis, the OR(95%CI) for maternal titer control was 1.49 (1.18-1.88) among those with syphilis-infection history. Compared with pregnant women initiated treatment at 28 gestational weeks or before, the OR (95%CI) for maternal titer control was 4.09 (3.19-5.24) among those who initiated treatment after 28 gestational weeks. Compared with pregnant women initiated treatment at 28 gestational weeks or before, the OR (95%CI) for maternal titer control was 4.09 (3.19-5.24) among those who initiated treatment after 28 gestational weeks or received no treatment. Compared with pregnant women received penicillin treatment, the OR (95%CI) for maternal titer control among those received non-penicillin treatment and those received no treatment were 2.35 (1.46-3.76) and 1.55 (1.13-2.12), respectively.@*Conclusion@#In East China, the proportion of women achieved seroconversion or 4-fold or greater titer decline during pregnancy was very low. Pregnant women with no prior history of syphilis infection, early maternal initiation of treatment, and penicillin treatment were more likely to reach maternal titer control.
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Objective To investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of Gossypol on isolated myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.Methods 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:Blank group,heart ischemia reperfusion group (MI/R group),high and low-dose Gossypol group (40,20 mg/L).The model of the myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury were established using the Langendorff method.The hemodynamicsindexes,cardiac enzymes AST and LDH,inflammatory cytokines (NF-κB,ICAM-1,TNF-α and IL-6) were measured.The effect and mechanism of Gossypol on early-stage MI/R of the oxidative stress response and the JNK/p38 MAPK signal pathway were investigated.Results Experimental results showed that Gossypol could significantly improve the functional capacity of the heart,reduce the contents of AST,LDH and inflammatory cytokines in reperfused heart tissue,and increase superoxide dismutase levels to protect the heart.The mechanism of this substance may involve anti-lipid peroxidation and inhibition of p38 kinase phosphorylation and JNK,and reduction of oxidative stress injury and apoptosis damage induced by MI/R.Conclusion This study confirm that Gossypol exerts extensive anti-MI/R effects.Its mechanism may be related to the interfering with the oxidative stress response and suppressing the JNK/p38 MAPK signal pathway.
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Objective To investigate the effects of CHIR99021 and Wnt3a, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway acti-vators, on cardiac differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells ( mESCs ) . Methods The embryonic bodies ( EBs) were formed through suspension culture method, CHIR99021 or Wnt3a was added into differentiated medi-um from day 2 to 5, named CHIR99021 group or Wnt3a group, respectively. In addition, there was a control group in which EBs were automatically differentiated. The expression levels of Brachyury, the mesoderm specific target gene, and Nkx2. 5, cardiac-precursor marker, as well as the transcripts of cardiomyocyte markers,α-myosin heavychain (α-MHC ) , cardiac troponin T ( cTnT ) and connexin-43 ( Cx43 ) were analyzed through quantitative RT-PCR. Besides, the cardiac-specific proteins including α-MHC, cTNT and CX43 were detected by immunofluores-cence and Western blot. Results The mESCs in every group did differentiate into cardiomyocytes. The expression of Brachyury was substantially augmented by treatment with CHIR99021 and Wnt3a, showing a peak of expression at day 7. Similarly, CHIR99021 and Wnt3a dramatically increased the expression levels of Nkx2. 5,α-MHC, cT-nT and Cx43 with the time of differentiation, with the expression of target genes in CHIR99021 group and Wnt3a group was greater than that in the control group and CHIR99021 group was higher than Wnt3 a group at day 15 ( P<0. 05, P < 0. 01 ). Western blot analysis suggested that the expressions of α-MHC, cTNT and CX43 in CHIR99021 group and Wnt3a group were greater than those in the control group, and CHIR99021 group was higher than Wnt3 a group at day 15 . Conclusion Both CHIR99021 and Wnt3 a could improve cardiogenesis from mESCs through activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway at the early stage of differentiation while the former is better than the latter.
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Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of major public health issues. Difference is found on effect of preventions of mother to child transmission of HBV such as Hepatitis B vaccine, Hepatitis B immunoglobulin and antiretroviral drugs. Based on the risks of hepatitis B virus on children, influencing factors and interventions of HBV mother-to-child transmission were explored to improve prevention mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B and to search appropriate strategies reducing mother-to-child transmission of HBV.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure the incidence rates of preterm delivery in HIV-infected pregnant women and to explore related potential risk factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data from 'Information System of Prevention of Mother-to-child Transmission of HIV Management in China, 2013' was used in the study. Information regarding demographic characteristics, pregnancy, HIV relevant situations and pregnancy outcomes related to these HIV-infected pregnant women, were extracted and analyzed. Incidence of preterm delivery was calculated with related potential risk factors explored.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>3 913 HIV-infected pregnant women were involved in this study, including 336 of them having undergone preterm deliveries (8.6%). Results from univariate and multivariate analyses showed that preterm delivery was associated with factors as: maternal age, ethnicity, education, being migrant, pregnancy hypertension, multiple pregnancy and times of antenatal care visits (P < 0.05) of the pregnant women. Compared with those who contracted the HIV infection through drug injection, the ones who were infected through other routes suffered fewer preterm deliveries (adjusted OR = 0.562, 95% CI: 0.360-0.879). Pregnant women who received antiretroviral therapy either between 14 to 27 gestational weeks or during the period of less than 14, were more likely to experience preterm delivery, comparison to those who did not receive the therapy during pregnancy. The adjusted ORs were 1.712 (95% CI: 1.196-2.451) and 1.862 (95% CI: 1.261-2.749), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Preterm delivery was a common adverse outcome during pregnancy among HIV-infected women in China. Other than traditionally known risk factors, routes of transmission and the use of antiretroviral therapy might also be associated with the increased risks for preterm delivery.</p>
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Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , China , Epidemiology , HIV Infections , Epidemiology , Incidence , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Epidemiology , Premature Birth , Epidemiology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Ischemia microenvironment contributes mostly to the low survival rate of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after transplantation. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can protect various cells and tissue models against apoptosis and injury. OBJECTIVE:To detect the cellapoptosis and viability, content of H2S in supernatant, and the expression of H2S synthetase after different time of hypoxia and serum deprivation cultivation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:The passage 3 rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were divided into five different cultivation time groups:0-, 3-, 6-, 12-and 24-hour groups. After enough hypoxia and serum deprivation cultivated time, the cellapoptosis was detected by SubG1, the cellviability was determined by cellcounting kit-8, the content of H 2S in supernatant was measured by N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamin and the expression of H2S synthetase by RT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared to the normal cultivation group, after different hypoxia and serum deprivation cultivated time, the cellapoptosis increased and cellviability decreased significantly. The longer hypoxia and serum deprivation cultivated time caused the more cellapoptosis and the lower cellviability. The contents of H2S and its synthetase were also suppressed by hypoxia and serum deprivation cultivation. The difference was statistical y significant. These findings suggest that hypoxia and serum deprivation cultivation can inhibit the generation of H 2 expression of its synthetase.
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BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation can promote cardiac repair after myocardial infarction, but it has been limited by the low cellsurvival rate. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) on the BMSCs transplantation for treatment of myocardial infarction. METHODS:BMSCs were separated and cultivated form Sprague-Dawley rats weighing (100±20) g. The 4th generation cells were used for later experiment, and marked by DAPI at 2 hours before use. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing (200±20) g had been divided into five groups:Sham group (n=10) and four transplantation groups:BMSCs (n=10), H 2 S-BMSCs (n=10), H 2 S (n=10), normal saline (n=10). The myocardial infarction model of four groups was established except of sham group (only thread without ligation). The cardiac function was measured by echocardiogram at 4 weeks after celltransplantation. The col agen in the infarction area was tested by Masson staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Severe myocardial fibrosis was found in the normal saline group, with no myocardial regeneration in the infarct area. H 2 S-BMSCs group had less col agen and more cardiac muscle tissue than BMSCs or H 2 S groups. Left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening of the H 2 S-BMSCs group were significantly higher than those of the BMSCs or H 2 S groups (P<0.05). The cells survival rate and cardiac function of myocardial infarction rats can be promoted by H 2 S-preconditioned BMSCs transplantation, which is superior to BMSCs or H 2 S alone.
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Objective To explore the X-ray radiation dose to patients from different cardiovascular interventional procedures and analyze the dose-affecting factors.Methods In accordance with the A,B,C operators,442 patients undergoing cardiovascular interventional procedures were collected,including single coronary angiography (CAG),percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ),radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA),congenital heart disease intervention (CHD) and permanent cardiac pacemaker implantation (PCPI),to observe dose area product (DAP),cumulative radiation dose (CD),fluoroscopy time.Results CD values of patients in groups of CAG,PCI,RFCA,CHD,PCPI were (0.34 ±0.23),(1.33 ±0.76),(0.71 ±0.43),(0.27 ±0.22) and (0.92±0.42) Gy and DAP values were (34.18 ±23.33),(135.92 ±81.14),(79.79 ±50.66),(27.93 ±23.66),and (94.60 ±48.11 ) Gy·cm2,respectively.Fluoroscopy time were (4.82 ±3.73),( 16.64 ±9.01 ),( 17.04 ± 15.29),(9.60 ±5.97)and (7.31 ±6.45) min.DAP values and fluoroscopy time were highly correlated (r =0.84,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions There is significant difference in radiation dose for cardiovascular interventional procedures.Radiation dose and fluoroscopy time are directly related to surgeons' proficiency in operations.Improvement of operation proficiency should be carried out to reduce the patients' radiation dose.
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Objective: To develop a method of retinal microglial cell culture to study the function of the microglial cell in diabetic retinopathy. Methods: Microglia were activated with LPS. Immunocytochemistry, con-focal microscopy, flow cytometry, MTT and ELISA were applied to observe the morphological characters, quantity, and functional changes of the microglia. Results: The purity of the microglia was up to 96% as determined by immunostaining and flow cytometry. Some morphological changes of microglia were observed after treatment with LPS, but their quantity kept stable. Cytokine TNF-? released from microglia increased significantly. Conclusion: The isolated microglial cells are pure by using this culture system, which would provide a valuable tool for studying mechanisms of microglial alterations in diabetic retinopathy.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To investigate the relation between FLIP expression and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>FLIP expression was examined in forty-eight paraffin-embeded NSCLC samples and 16 benign pulmonary disease tissues by immunohistochemistry method. Apoptosis of NSCLC cells was detected by TUNEL technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of FLIP expression in NSCLC was 83.33%(40/48), which was significantly higher than that in benign pulmonary disease tissues (P < 0.01). The expression level of FLIP was closely related to TNM stages and lymph node involvement, but not to histological classification and cell differentiation. No correlation was observed between the expression of FLIP and apoptosis index of tumor cells (r=-0.211,P > 0.05 ).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Overexpression of FLIP may be involved in the progression of NSCLC, but its expression may not be related to cell apoptosis in NSCLC.</p>